# Commonwealth Fusion Systems's Library > Commonwealth Fusion Systems's library on MythOS ## Links - [Library](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems) - [Full Content](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/llms-full.txt) - [Atom Feed](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/feed.xml) - [Chat](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/chat) - [Sitemap](https://mythos.one/creator-sitemap.commonwealthfusionsystems.xml) - [MCP Server](https://mythos.one/api/mcp?username=commonwealthfusionsystems) ## Topics - fusion-lexicon (211) - physicist (29) - commonwealth-fusion-systems-physics (19) - commonwealth-fusion-systems-magnets (10) - engineer (10) - executive (8) - commonwealth-fusion-systems-ecosystem (6) - research-center (6) - commonwealth-fusion-systems (4) - company (4) - national-laboratory (3) - university (3) - founder (2) - fusion-technology (2) - energy-company (1) - glossary (1) - journalist (1) - utility (1) ## Recent Memos - [Dominion Energy](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/b5a54c): Dominion Energy (NYSE: D) is an American energy utility headquartered in Richmond, Virginia, founded in 1983, that supplies electricity and natural gas to millions of customers across Virginia, the... - [JT-60SA](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/74cb79): JT-60SA is the fully superconducting Tokamak built jointly by Japan and Europe at the National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology site in Naka, Japan, which achieved first plasma on 23... - [TCV](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/d19774): TCV — Tokamak à Configuration Variable — is the shaping-focused Tokamak operated by the Swiss Plasma Center at EPFL in Lausanne, built to produce a wider range of plasma cross-sections than any other... - [Columbia Fusion Research Center](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/e8d5d0): The Columbia Fusion Research Center is Columbia University's fusion energy center, launched in April 2025 within the Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics at the Fu Foundation School... - [Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/d1d96d): Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) is the U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory devoted to plasma physics and fusion energy, sited on Princeton University's Forrestal Campus in... - [Swiss Plasma Center](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/4e82d6): Swiss Plasma Center (SPC) is EPFL's plasma physics and fusion research centre in Lausanne, operator of the TCV tokamak and of the SULTAN superconductor test facility at the Paul Scherrer Institute in... - [Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/3de1f9): Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (IPP) is Germany's fusion research institute, founded in 1960 at Garching near Munich with a branch institute at Greifswald since 1994 and a combined workforce... - [Brian LaBombard](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/637e99): Brian LaBombard is a physicist and Senior Research Scientist at the MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, where his field is boundary and divertor plasma physics — the few centimeters of scrape-off... - [UK Atomic Energy Authority](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/7920fa): UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) is the United Kingdom's national fusion laboratory, a government research body of roughly 2,600 staff that operated JET, runs MAST Upgrade at Culham, and is... - [Nils Leuthold](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/00242e): Nils Leuthold is a physicist and associate research scientist at Columbia University, part of the Columbia Fusion Research Center, and lead author of "ARC physics basis–magnetohydrodynamics" (2026) —... - [Jerry Hughes](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/9056af): Jerry W. Hughes is a physicist and deputy head of magnetic fusion experiments at the MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, where he has coordinated pedestal physics research since his years on... - [Stephen Shankland](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/122af0): Stephen Shankland is Head of Content at Commonwealth Fusion Systems and a former science and technology journalist who spent twenty-five years at CNET. He joined the company in 2024 and founded The... - [Amanda Hubbard](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/1df3a5): Amanda Hubbard is a physicist and Principal Research Scientist at the MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, working on edge transport barriers — the pedestal structures that separate H-mode and... - [Alex Zhukovsky](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/3c8bdb): Alex Zhukovsky is an engineer who has worked on superconductor magnets at the MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center since 1988. His ORCID record, which registers his given name as Alexander, lists him... - [Nathan Howard](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/74c78d): Nathan T. Howard is a physicist and principal research scientist at the MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, where he leads the Performance and Transport group formed under MIT's collaboration with... - [Dan Brunner](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/e63244): Dan Brunner is a physicist and a founder of Commonwealth Fusion Systems, named the company's chief technology officer when it launched out of the MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center in March 2018... - [The Pedestal and Boundary Follow-Ups](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/6c01fe): The pedestal and boundary follow-ups are four papers published between 2024 and 2026 that take up what Jerry Hughes's 2020 SPARC pedestal chapter had to assume: what sets pedestal height, what sets... - [Charlie Sanabria](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/8ab97a): Charlie Sanabria is an engineer and principal magnet test engineer at Commonwealth Fusion Systems, and lead author of the 2024 Superconductor Science and Technology paper describing PIT VIPER, a... - [Carlos Paz-Soldan](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/c22f04): Carlos Paz-Soldan is a physicist, associate professor of applied physics and applied mathematics at Columbia University, and founding director of the Columbia Fusion Research Center, which launched... - [The 2022 SPARC Physics Basis Overview](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/29507b): Overview of the SPARC physics basis towards the exploration of burning-plasma regimes in high-field, compact tokamaks is the Nuclear Fusion paper of 1 March 2022, led by Pablo Rodriguez-Fernandez... - [The SPARC Neutronics and Shielding Papers](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/af7679): The SPARC neutronics and shielding papers are seven Transactions of the American Nuclear Society conference proceedings, published in 2022 and 2023, in which Commonwealth Fusion Systems engineers and... - [Leslie Bromberg](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/7d7262): Leslie Bromberg is a senior research scientist at the MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center and a physicist whose work on magnet design underpins a defining feature of ARC: demountable... - [Yijun Lin](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/28d1ce): Yijun Lin is a physicist specializing in radio-frequency heating at the MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, and lead author of "Physics basis for the ICRF system of the SPARC tokamak" (2020) — the... - [Vincent Fry](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/f8f6f1): Vincent Fry is a mechanical engineer whose work at the MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center was the electrical feed into the Toroidal Field Model Coil (TFMC), the full-scale magnet built to prove the... - [Pablo Rodriguez-Fernandez](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/0de7cf): Pablo Rodriguez-Fernandez is a physicist and research scientist at the MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, where he leads the MFE Integrated Modeling group. He is lead author of "Predictions of... - [Phil Snyder](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/2c8900): Philip B. Snyder is a physicist and Vice President of Plasma Physics at Commonwealth Fusion Systems, and the originator of EPED, the model the field uses to predict how high a tokamak's pedestal will... - [Alexey Radovinsky](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/fa70db): Alexey Radovinsky is an engineer at Commonwealth Fusion Systems working on high-field magnet design, and previously published from the MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, including on the Toroidal... - [Bob Mumgaard](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/33dde5): Bob Mumgaard is the CEO and a co-founder of Commonwealth Fusion Systems, where he has led the company since its 2018 spinout from the MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center. A physicist and founder, he... - [The TFMC Engineering Papers](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/3ab357): The TFMC engineering papers are the seven companion publications, mostly in IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, that record how the Toroidal Field Model Coil (TFMC) was actually designed,... - [Edward H. Baine](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/20a8e5): Edward H. Baine is President of Dominion Energy Virginia, the regulated utility subsidiary of Dominion Energy serving roughly 2.7 million customers in Virginia and North Carolina. He is the executive... - [Overview of the SPARC Tokamak](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/09b471): Overview of the SPARC tokamak is the 2020 Journal of Plasma Physics paper in which Alex Creely and 45 co-authors published the design case for SPARC — the anchor article of the seven-paper SPARC... - [Overview of the Physics Basis for the ARC Fusion Power Plant](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/7cdf55): Overview of the physics basis for the ARC fusion power plant is the 2026 Journal of Plasma Physics paper in which Jon Hillesheim and nineteen co-authors state the design point for ARC and summarize... - [SPARC](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/c55c3a): SPARC is Commonwealth Fusion Systems' demonstration fusion machine — a compact, high-field tokamak under construction at the company's Devens, Massachusetts campus, designed to be the world's first... - [Tom Looby](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/43045e): Tom Looby is a physicist whose plasma-boundary work is published under a Commonwealth Fusion Systems affiliation. He is the author of HEAT — the Heat Flux Engineering Analysis Toolkit, published in... - [Rick Needham](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/f27ffe): Rick Needham is Chief Commercial Officer at Commonwealth Fusion Systems, the executive responsible for turning the company's machines into sold electricity — offtake agreements, customer... - [Tokamak](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/576365): A tokamak is a donut-shaped fusion device that uses powerful magnetic fields to confine a plasma hot enough for hydrogen nuclei to fuse and release energy — the most scientifically validated approach... - [fusion](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/748e6b): fusion is the nuclear reaction in which two light atomic nuclei merge into a single heavier nucleus, converting a small fraction of their mass into a large release of energy — the process that powers... - [tritium](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/6ca16b): tritium is the radioactive heavy isotope of hydrogen, whose nucleus carries one proton and two neutrons — the scarcer, hotter half of the fuel pair that will power the first generation of fusion... - [D-T reaction](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/6a200b): The D-T reaction is the fusion of a deuterium nucleus with a tritium nucleus, producing a helium-4 nucleus and a neutron and releasing 17.6 million electron volts of energy. Among all candidate... - [toroidal field](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/c6161a): toroidal field is the magnetic field component that runs the long way around a torus, supplied in a tokamak by external coils and providing the bulk of the field that confines the plasma. Its... - [neutron damage](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/280870): neutron damage is the structural degradation a material suffers under sustained neutron bombardment, as collisions knock atoms out of their crystal lattice — a central materials-qualification... - [Q (fusion energy gain factor)](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/e12840): Q (fusion energy gain factor) is the ratio of fusion power produced by a plasma to the external heating power supplied to it — Q greater than 1 means net energy from the plasma. The number's most... - [FLiBe](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/f44978): FLiBe is a molten fluoride salt of lithium and beryllium, used in fusion blanket designs as coolant and tritium breeder in a single fluid; the name is a coinage spelled from its chemical constituents... - [fusion power density](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/18400d): fusion power density is the fusion power produced per unit of plasma volume — the figure of merit that determines how much machine must be built per megawatt, and one that rises steeply with magnetic... - [burning plasma](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/ee745b): burning plasma is a fusion plasma heated predominantly by its own fusion reactions rather than by external power — the regime in which the fire, once lit, largely keeps itself hot. The definition... - [Greenwald limit](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/c3bed0): Greenwald limit is the empirical ceiling on the density of a tokamak plasma — proportional to plasma current divided by cross-sectional area — above which discharges tend to disrupt. The limit is... - [DOE Milestone-Based Fusion Development Program](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/619c01): DOE Milestone-Based Fusion Development Program is the U.S. Department of Energy's public-private partnership that pays private fusion companies for hitting negotiated technical milestones on the way... - [lower hybrid current drive](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/273246): lower hybrid current drive is driving plasma current with radio waves at the lower hybrid frequency. The lower hybrid frequency is a natural resonance of magnetized plasma that sits in the gigahertz... - [magnetic confinement fusion (MCF)](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/490dd5): magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) is the approach to fusion energy that holds a hot plasma in place with magnetic fields, as in tokamaks and stellarators — the most developed path to a fusion power... - [neutron diagnostics](https://mythos.one/me/commonwealthfusionsystems/059311): neutron diagnostics are the instruments that measure a fusion plasma's performance directly, by counting and characterizing the neutrons its reactions produce. Their special status among diagnostics...